Corporate social responsibility: Insights from COVID-19 and stakeholder theory

The transition from primary sustainable goals to crisis management exemplifies a new era of corporate social responsibility, sustainable business models, corporate sustainability, and stakeholder theory. This study examines the varied dynamics of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) during COVID-19, as well as its potential and limitations, in order to gain a better understanding of CSR. The results expand upon the instrumental version of CSR and the application of stakeholder theory during COVID-19. It reflects on the necessity for a wider integration of societal issues in CSR's driving philosophy as well as the underlying need to study diverse sectors of governance across the globe due to the increased potential for exploitation of the weak, particularly during times of crisis. This study examines the theoretical foundations of the themes and the lines of divergence between CSR's past and present by reviewing the social, intellectual, and conceptual structure of the literature. It emphasizes the importance of post-COVID-19 policies that prioritize job creation by implementing stronger labor market standards. Governments should eliminate barriers and implement pro-SME laws and programs. A sustainable fiscal policy takes future generations into account. Sustainable corporate finance incorporates long-term financial goals and social values into stakeholder theory. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Psychological experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: Integrative review based on qualitative research.

AIM: To analyse the literature on nurses' psychological experiences caring for COVID-19 patients, focusing on qualitative research. DESIGN: An integrative review. REVIEW METHODS: Whittemore & Knafl's approach was used. DATA SOURCES: Six databases were searched using the terms 'nurses', 'psychological experiences' and 'COVID-19'. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected and analysed. Five characteristics related to nurses' negative psychological experiences, four characteristics related to positive psychological experiences and seven coping strategies of nurses were identified. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the need for psychological, social, financial and organizational support for nurses to improve mental well-being and the level of nursing care. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Transformative marketing in the new normal: A novel practice-scholarly integrative review of business-to-business marketing mix challenges, opportunities, and solutions

Transformative marketing has been heralded as the future of marketing. While the initial catalyst for trans -formative marketing was the desire of customers for more meaningful engagement, the global impact of great crises (or mega disruptions) has accelerated the evolution of transformative marketing. With a focus on business -to-business (B2B) marketing, this article aims to offer transformative marketing insights to support B2B mar-keters in preparing for, navigating in, and recovering from great crises using the great lockdown that transpired during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a case. To do so, this article employs the marketing mix as an organizing framework and performs an integrative review of practice and scholarly articles relating to B2B marketing and COVID-19. In doing so, this article delivers a seminal integrative review that is informed by both practice and scholarly sources in B2B marketing, thereby establishing its methodological novelty and value. More importantly, this article highlights "what" is necessary and "how" B2B marketers can (re)configure the product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence elements of their marketing activities to steer their B2B marketing operations toward success in a world where global crises are a commonplace. Therefore, this article contributes in two major ways: the first from a theoretical perspective, by extending the theoretical generalizability of transformative marketing, and the second from a managerial standpoint, by shedding light on practitioner issues and offering practical suggestions for B2B marketers to prepare for, navigate in, and recover from great crises in the new normal.

High-fidelity simulation and nurse clinical competence-An integrative review.

AIM: The aim of this review was to synthesise current knowledge of high-fidelity simulation practices and its impact on nurse clinical competence in the acute care setting. BACKGROUND: There is no consensus or standardisation surrounding best practices for the delivery of high-fidelity simulation in the acute care setting. This is an understudied area. DESIGN: An integrative review using Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model. METHODS: Medical subject heading terms 'Clinical Competence', AND 'High Fidelity Simulation Training', AND 'Clinical Deterioration' were systematically searched in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases for peer-reviewed literature published through September 2020. The current study was evaluated using PRISMA checklist. RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main concepts were identified: modes of delivery, approach to learner participation and outcome measurement. CONCLUSIONS: This review substantiated the use of high-fidelity simulation to improve acute care nurses' early identification and management of clinical deterioration. Global variations in course design and implementation highlight the need for future approaches to be standardised at the regional level (i.e., country-centric approach) where differing scopes of practice and sociocultural complexities are best contextualised. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings add to the growing body of evidence of simulation science. Important considerations in course planning and design for nursing clinical educators were uncovered. This is especially relevant given the current COVID-19 pandemic and urgent need to train redeployed nurses safely and effectively from other units and specialties to acute care.

Socially, Culturally and Spiritually Sensitive Public Health Palliative Care Models in the Lower-income Countries: An Integrative Literature Review.

The demand for palliative care (PC) is ever-increasing globally. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the need for PC. In the lower-income countries (LICs), where PC need is highest, PC, the most humane, appropriate and realistic approach to care for patients and families affected by life-limiting illness, is minimal or non-existent. Recognising the disparity between high, middle and LICs, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended public health strategies for PC within the socioeconomic, cultural and spiritual contexts of individual countries. This review aimed to: (i) identify PC models in the LICs utilising public health strategies and (ii) characterise how social, cultural and spiritual components were integrated into these models. This is an integrative literature review. Thirty-seven articles were included from a search of four electronic databases - Medline, Embase, Global Health and CINAHL. Literature, both empirical and theoretical literature, published in English from January 2000 to May 2021 that mentioned PC models/services/programmes integrating public health strategies in the LICs were included in the study. A number of LICs utilised public health strategies to deliver PC. One-third of the selected articles highlighted the importance of integrating sociocultural and spiritual components into PC. Two main themes - WHO-recommended public health framework and sociocultural and spiritual support in PC and five subthemes - (i) suitable policies; (ii) availability and accessibility of essential drugs; (iii) PC education for health professionals, policymakers and the public; (iv) implementation of PC at all levels of healthcare and (v) sociocultural and spiritual components, were derived. Despite embracing the public health approach, many LICs encountered several challenges in integrating all four strategies successfully.

Emergent Research Themes on Sustainability in the Beef Cattle Industry in Brazil: An Integrative Literature Review

Brazil is one of the world's biggest beef producers and its largest exporter. However, beef cattle ranching is a leading cause of deforestation and habitat conversion in the Brazilian Amazon, which challenges sustainable development. We adopted the triple bottom line (TBL) as a guiding theory of sustainability and assumed the necessity of a production system-specific approach. Based on an integrative literature analysis, we aimed to assess sustainability pillars in beef cattle production. The Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases were searched for studies on mitigating the adverse impacts of beef cattle production before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We found 108 references in these databases, 46 of which met the criteria for eligibility assessment, and ten studies were selected for textual cluster analysis and thematic synthesis. The review shows emergent research themes on sustainability in beef cattle production. It also elaborates a conceptual model of the sustainability pillars in the technique, science, and social aspects of the beef cattle sector that may guide the managerial and political strategies for the beef cattle supply chain in Brazil and other emerging markets. This study indicates that sustainable beef cattle development requires new digital technologies and ideas about sustainable supply chain management, which provides human, environmental, and animal welfare. © 2023 by the authors.

COVID-19 and hospitality and tourism research: An integrative review

COVID-19 caused a shockwave in all facets of the contemporary tourism industry, triggering a surge in relevant research. Responding to the sheer magnitude of the event, and the plethora of research opportunities, scholars have been investigating the pandemic from an array of perspectives, at both a micro and macro level. With the aim of advancing the existing conceptual capital, this study uses a systematic integrative review to summarize, critique and synthesize the COVID-19-related studies published in hospitality and tourism journals;it identifies important gaps and highlights a future research agenda. We select 362 articles relevant to our analysis and conduct our research using VOSviewer visualization software. Findings, of particular interest and importance to scholars, illuminate thematic areas that may stimulate further research endeavors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of updated evidence.

Mental health nursing work is challenging, and workplace stress can have negative impacts on nurses' well-being and practice. Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation and recovery from adversity. The aims of this integrative review were to examine and update understandings and perspectives on resilience in mental health nursing research, and to explore and synthesize the state of empirical knowledge on mental health nurse resilience. This is an update of evidence from a previous review published in 2019. Using integrative review methodology, 15 articles were identified from a systematic search (July 2018-June 2022). Data were extracted, analysed with constant comparison method, synthesized narratively and then compared with the findings from the original review. As an update of evidence, mental health nurse resilience was moderate to high across studies, was positively associated with psychological well-being, post-traumatic growth, compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout, mental distress and emotional labour. Lack of support and resources from organizations could negatively impact nurses' ability to maintain resilience and manage workplace challenges through internal self-regulatory processes. A resilience programme improved mental health nurses' awareness of personal resilience levels, self-confidence, capacity to develop coping skills and professional relationships. Some studies continue to lack contemporary conceptualizations of resilience, and methodological quality varied from high to low. Further qualitative and interventional research is needed to investigate the role of resilience in mental health nursing practice, personal well-being, workforce sustainability and the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring the experiences of frontline nurses during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrated literature review.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of frontline nurses caring for patients during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: The JBI manual for evidence synthesis and the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycINFO (EBSCO) and Scopus (Elsevier). REVIEW METHODS: The JBI Mixed Methods Data Extraction Tool following a Convergent Integrated Approach. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included in the review, comprising eight countries and 2525 frontline nurses. Six themes emerged encompassing frontline nurses' COVID-19 experiences including emotional experiences, physical symptoms, ethical and moral challenges, professional impact, risk factors for negative emotional experiences and protective factors for future pandemic events. CONCLUSION: Frontline nurses have faced numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing frontline nurses with the required resources and support to perform their roles in global healthcare crises allows for an empowered and resilient workforce ensuring nurses remain in their chosen profession.

The impact of COVID-19 on patients with stroke: an integrative review

Purpose - This review aims to evaluate the evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on patients with stroke. Design/methodology/approach - The author carried out a review following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for a review article. PubMed, the Web of Science and CINAHL Plus Full Text were searched from January 2019 to October 2020. Twentythree studies were included in the final review, incorporating a total of 9,819 stroke patients. Findings - The most commonly reported effects of COVID-19 on patients with stroke were delayed stroke treatment (n = 14 studies), thrombotic, blood and immune system complications (n = 8), increased risk of stroke severity and disability (n = 6), increased mortality (n = 8), elevated D-dimer levels (n = 4), comorbidity and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 6) and prolonged hospitalization (n = 4). Originality/value - COVID-19 has affected patients with stroke in various ways, either directly or indirectly, prior to admission or in hospital. The findings should help guide further investigation of the long-term impact of COVID-19 on patients with stroke and help to establish proper guidelines for the provision of efficient treatment for affected patients.

An integrative literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health in Africa.

Africa has the highest rates of maternal deaths globally which have been linked to poorly functioning health care systems. The pandemic revealed already known weaknesses in the health systems in Africa, such as workforce shortages, lack of equipment and resources. The aim of this paper is to review the published literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health in Africa. The integrative review process delineated by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used to meet the study aims. The literature search of Ovid Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, WHO, Google and Google scholar, Africa journals online, MIDIRS was limited to publications between March 2020 and May 2022. All the studies went through the PRISMA stages, and 179 full text papers screened for eligibility, 36 papers met inclusion criteria. Of the studies, 6 were qualitative, 25 quantitative studies, and 5 mixed methods. Thematic analysis according to the methods of Braun and Clark (2006) were used to synthesize the data. From the search the six themes that emerged include: effects of lockdown measures, COVID concerns and psychological stress, reduced attendance at antenatal care, childhood vaccination, reduced facility-based births, and increase maternal and child mortality. A review of the literature revealed the following policy issues: The need for government to develop robust response mechanism to public health emergencies that negatively affect maternal and child health issues and devise health policies to mitigate negative effects of lockdown. In times of pandemic there is need to maintain special access for both antenatal care and child delivery services and limit a shift to use of untrained birth attendants to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths. These could be achieved by soliciting investments from various sectors to provide high-quality care that ensures sustainability to all layers of the population.

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE SECRET INGREDIENT OF SYNERGISTIC VENTURE COOPERATION

Social relationships play an important role in organizational entrepreneurship. They are crucial to entrepreneurs' decisions because, despite the bleeding-edge technological advancements observed nowadays, entrepreneurs as human beings will always strive to be social. During the COVID-19 pandemic many companies moved activities into the virtual world and as a result offline Social relationships became rarer, but as it turns out, even more valuable, likewise, the inter-organizational cooperation enabling many companies to survive. This chapter aims to develop knowledge about entrepreneurs' SR and their links with inter-organizational cooperation. The results of an integrative systematic literature review show that the concept of Social relationships, although often investigated, lacks a clear definition, conceptualization, and operationalization. This chapter revealed a great diversity of definitions for Social relationships, including different scopes of meaning and levels of analysis. The authors identify 10 building blocks and nine sources of entrepreneurs' Social relationships. The authors offer an original typology of Social relationships using 12 criteria. Interestingly, with regard to building blocks, besides those frequently considered such as trust, reciprocity and commitment, the authors also point to others more rarely and narrowly discussed, such as gratitude, satisfaction and affection. Similarly, the authors discuss the varied scope of sources, including workplace, family/friendship, past relationships, and ethnic or religious bonds. The findings of this study point to a variety of links between Social relationships and inter-organizational cooperation, including their positive and negative influences on one another. These links appear to be extremely dynamic, bi-directional and highly complex. © Katarzyna Czernek-Marszalek, Patrycja Klimas, Patrycja Juszczyk and Dagmara Wójcik Published by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Use of home remedies for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease: An integrative review.

Background and Aims: Home remedies are understood to mean medications or tonics prepared at home to treat certain ailments without any prescription or professional supervision. Reliance on home remedies increased during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this integrative review was to identify home remedies used to treat and prevent COVID-19 and discuss implications for nursing practice and health related to the safety and efficacy of home remedies. Methods: Cooper's integrative review method guided this study to identify home remedies used to prevent and treat COVID-19. Google Scholar, BMC, EBSCOhost, Medline, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science Core Collections, Science Direct and Global Health were used to search for relevant information on the use of COVID-19 home remedies from 2019 to 2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to select studies that had to be included. The eligibility criteria included studies on home remedies, written in English from 2019 to 2022. Findings of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research were extracted, and narrative thematic data synthesis was applied. Results: Eleven articles which met the inclusion criteria were found in nine countries: Ghana (1), South Africa (1), Tanzania (1), Togo (1) and Zimbabwe (1), Bangladesh (1), Hong Kong (1), India (2), Iran (1), and Pakistan (1). Findings showed that home remedies are used for the prevention of COVID-19 infection, treatment of COVID-19, and boosting immunity. Conclusions: Home remedies have been found to be more pronounced across all sectors and social strata. More research is needed on the use of home remedies for life-threatening outbreaks. Policymakers and healthcare workers are challenged to encourage the use of home remedies in the prevention of other ailments and epidemics that might occur in the future.

The unmet supportive care needs of people affected by cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review.

PURPOSE: To critically synthesise evidence regarding the supportive care needs of those living with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An integrative systematic review followed a pre-registered protocol, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. We searched three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and APA PsycINFO) using keywords and included all qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies irrespective of research design published between December 2019 and February 2022. All articles were double screened according to a pre-determined eligibility criterion with reference lists of the final included studies checked for further studies. The review process was managed using Covidence systematic review software. Data from the studies were extracted, methodological quality appraisal conducted, and a narrative synthesis conducted. RESULTS: Eighteen publications were included. The findings identified that individuals affected by cancer reported a range of physical, psychological, social, and health system unmet needs during the global pandemic. Unique to the pandemic itself, there was fear of the unknown of the longer-term impact that the pandemic would have on treatment outcomes, cancer care follow-up, and clinical service delays. CONCLUSION: Many individuals living with cancer experienced unmet needs and distress throughout the different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, irrespective of cancer type, stage, and demographic factors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: We recommend clinicians use these findings to identify the individual person-centred needs to optimise recovery as we transition to the post-pandemic cancer care.

Transition of graduate nurses from student to practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: Integrative review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had dire consequences for all health care workers including nurses. Consequently, those graduate nurses who transitioned into practice during that time were not spared the pandemic's impact. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify and present the extant literature on the transition of graduate nurses from student to practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online data bases ranging from the Cumulative Index to the Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Education Resources Information Centre and PsychINFO were all perused for publications between 2019 and 2021. Key search terms included COVID-19, graduate nurses, newly qualified nurses, transition. The researchers then carefully assessed the articles found and used the coder to determine the relevance of those selected articles. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to validate the quality of the research articles considered for review. The search of these data bases produced 10 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Four main themes emerged from the study, namely: Organisational challenges faced by graduate nurses during their transition into practice during the COVID-19 pandemic; Personal challenges experienced by graduate nurses in their transition into practice in the context of COVID-19 pandemic; Positive outcomes emanating from the transition of graduate nurses during the pandemic; and Factors which facilitated the transition from student to practice by graduate nurses during the pandemic. The organisational challenges findings revealed that graduate nurses experienced such problems as a shortage of resources, burnout syndrome, work overload and lack of support. Challenges related to their transition throughout the COVID-19 pandemic period included psychological effects and the theory practice gap. Positive outcomes that emerged were learning and better employment opportunities. Factors which could have better facilitated their transition encompassed the availability of equipment and training opportunities. Recommendations include increased collaborative efforts amongst stakeholders to support and mentor graduate nurses during such emergencies; and psychological interventions that could assist with coping in such dire situations as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People in the United States: An Integrative Review.

Objective: This integrative review explores the barriers to and facilitators for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among adult transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people in the United States. Data Source: A systematic search of electronic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from 1985 to 2020. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria included studies from the United States that described HPV vaccination barriers or facilitators and included adult TGD participants, both quantitative and qualitative studies. Exclusion criteria were studies that reported only HPV vaccine prevalence, non-English/non-U.S. studies, and studies limited to pediatric populations. Data Extraction: Two investigators used Covidence software to screen studies and manage data extraction. Quality of the quantitative studies was appraised using a checklist proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI); qualitative studies were appraised using quality criteria informed by the literature. Data Synthesis: The Social Ecological Model guided the review to organize barriers to and facilitators for HPV vaccination at the patient-, provider-, and system-levels. Results: Database searches and hand-searching yielded 843 citations. After screening, eight articles were retained in the review. Seven were cross-sectional studies and one was a qualitative focus-group. All retained quantitative studies met six of the eight JBI quality checklist items. Conclusion: The low proportion of TGD participants in the retained studies highlights a gap in knowledge about HPV vaccination among this population. Future studies of HPV vaccination should recruit TGD people to better represent their perspectives.

Identifying the unmet supportive care needs of individuals affected by testicular cancer: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To critically appraise studies to identify experiences of unmet supportive care needs of individuals affected by testicular cancer. METHODS: A registered priori systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were searched for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies using a wide range of search terms. All articles were double screened according to a pre-determined eligibility criterion. Reference lists of the final included studies were checked for further eligible studies. The review process was managed using Covidence systematic review software. Data from the studies were extracted, methodological quality appraisal conducted, and a narrative synthesis conducted. RESULTS: Of the 72 papers identified, 36 studies were included. In descending order of frequency of need, psychological needs were identified in 26/36, physical needs 18/36, interpersonal/intimacy needs 19/36, health system/information needs 11/36, cognitive needs 9/36, social needs 7/36, and of equal frequencies counts of 4/36 for family, practical, and patient-clinician information needs. Only one study explored spiritual needs and no daily living needs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of needs varied in terms of frequency and distress which were commonly influenced by the age of the individual across the cancer care continuum persisting after 1-year post-treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: When caring for individuals affected by testicular cancer, clinicians are encouraged to take a holistic lens to cancer care, particularly to explore issue or concerns that young men affected by testicular cancer might be embarrassed or reticent to discuss.

Interventions fostering interdisciplinary and inter-organizational collaboration in health and social care;an integrative literature review

Background: Improving interdisciplinary and inter-organizational collaboration is increasingly regarded as maintaining and improving the quality of care. However, health and social care have been an area of organizational and disciplinary differentiation and fragmentation. Though interventions to increase the effectiveness of collaboration and barriers to collaboration have been the subject of research, there has been a lack of an overview of the aims, characteristics, and impacts of these interventions. A deeper understanding helps to determine future research focus. Aim: The aim of this integrative review is to give an overview of aims, characteristics, and impacts of interventions fostering interdisciplinary or inter-organizational collaboration in health and social care. Method: The databases CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Worldcat were systematically searched using the terms: interventions, interdisciplinary, inter-organizational, and collaboration in health care. Snowballing and a cross reference check complemented the search strategy. A total of 367 unique records were found. Structuring and screening the literature for eligibility was conducted through the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework (Moher et al., 2009) and using online review software. The review of the literature followed the guidelines for integrative review methodological rigour and data relevance using the online systematic review software Covidence (Whittemore & Knafl, 2005). Covidence led to the inclusion of 28 studies. Findings and conclusion: Integrative synthesis shows that aims fostering interdisciplinary and inter-organizational collaboration are improving communication, teamwork, professional roles, conceptual underpinning, and the coordination of care. The main characteristics of the interventions are digital resources, simulation or role playing, learning conversations, collective activity, and implementing models or pathways. Impacts described include increased knowledge, improved collaboration, improved communication, enhanced role clarity, and developments around the systemic level of collaboration. Results suggest that interventions with aims and impacts on interpersonal normative aspects of collaboration beyond the focus on effectiveness and efficiency, are under-represented in the literature. To better understand how to improve these aspects of collaboration, it is expedient to research the value and characteristics of interventions beyond familiar forms, aims, and means. © 2022 The Authors

Ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review of qualitative studies.

AIM: This study aimed to identify ethical dilemmas faced by nurses while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Nurses express several concerns during disease outbreaks, some of which are related to ethical dilemmas. EVALUATION: It is an integrative review in which four databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed to analyse the obtained data. KEY ISSUES: A total of 14 studies were identified. The results are presented into four categories: concerns with beneficence-nonmaleficence; awareness of need for autonomy; challenges to justice; and coping with ethical dilemmas. CONCLUSION: While caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses often put their own health and that of their families at risk. The ethical dilemmas faced by nurses are mainly caused by the lack of Protective Personal Equipment (PPE), shortages of medical supplies and personnel and the uncertainties that permeate an environment threatened by a new and highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This review provides information that can inspire nurse managers working during the COVID-19 pandemic to support and empower nurses to act in accordance with ethical principles, which is important in order for nurses to protect themselves while providing efficient and effective care.

An integrative review of primary health care nurses' mental health knowledge gaps and learning needs.

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the prevalence of mental illness in the community. While specialist mental health nurses have advanced training and skills in mental health care, supporting mental health is a key role for all nurses. As front-line health care professionals, primary health care (PHC) nurses need to be prepared and confident in managing mental health issues. Aim: To critically analyse and synthesise international literature about the knowledge gaps and learning needs of PHC nurses in providing mental health care. Design and methods: An integrative review. The quality of papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were extracted into a summary table and analysed using narrative analysis. Data sources: CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science and EBSCO electronic databases were searched between 1999 and 2019. Papers were included if they reported original research which explored mental health education/training of nurses working in PHC. Findings: Of the 652 papers identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Four themes were identified: preparedness; addressing knowledge gaps, education programs, and facilitators and barriers. Discussion: Despite increasing integration of physical and mental health management in PHC, there is limited evidence relating to knowledge gaps and skills development of PHC nurses or their preparedness to provide mental health care. Conclusion: Findings from this review, together with the global increase in mental illness in communities arising from COVID-19, highlight the need for PHC nurses to identify their mental health learning needs and engage in education to prepare them to meet rising service demands.